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Foods that increase testosterone6/12/2023 When testosterone reaches its target tissues it diffuses through the cells’ fatty membrane, where it can interact with its receptor stimulating its biological effects or it can be reduced into DHT by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5α-reductase, which is highly expressed in male reproductive organs, skin, and the brain. FT is the active form of testosterone while protein-bound testosterone is inactive. A small amount is transported unbound, referred to as free testosterone (FT). In the blood, most testosterone is transported bound to several proteins, mainly serum albumin and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Once synthesized, testosterone is secreted into the bloodstream and delivered to target tissues. There are two metabolic pathways, the progesterone (delta-4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (delta-5) pathways. In women, testosterone is produced in much smaller amounts, primarily from the adrenal glands and the ovaries. The adrenal glands also produce small amounts (~5%) of androgens. Structurally, testosterone has a characteristic four ring C18 steroid structure and is synthesized from cholesterol through an enzymatic multistep process primarily within the Leydig cells (~95%), which are located in the interstitium of the testes. As for its androgenic effects, testosterone mediates the development of male primary and secondary male characteristics such as sexual organ growth, deepening of the voice, and growth of facial and body hair. Testosterone is also responsible for the mass, density, and strength of bone. Īs the primary anabolic steroid, testosterone promotes an increase in protein production as well as stimulating both anabolic and anti-catabolic functions in skeletal muscle and neuronal tissue leading to increased muscle strength, power, endurance, and hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner. They are also crucial for reproductive functions, body composition, and muscle and bone health. ![]() They are important hormones for various biological processes and are vital for the development and maintenance of secondary male characteristics. Testosterone, together with its potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are the principal androgens in the circulation of mature male mammals, including humans.
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